Types of transformations of an object
Translation
When translating a shape, you can move it up or down or from side to side,
but you cannot change its appearance in any other way. The shape always remains the same. When a shape is translated, each of the vertices (corners) must be moved in exactly the same way.
Rotation
A rotation is the turning of a figure or object around a fixed point.
If you put a sheet of paper on a table and place pin in the middle of it, you can rotate the paper whilst keeping the pin in a fixed position.
The pin is acting as a centre of rotation and you can rotate an object around it, anywhere between 0° and 360°.
Reflection
If you look in a mirror, you see your own image. You (the object) and your image appear to be the same distance and angle from the mirror.
The mirror or more precisely mirror's surface acts as a line of reflection, through which your image is copied.